Impact of neotropical mammals on seeds dispersal and predation

Abstract

Seeds dispersal and predation by mammals are two key processes affecting the dynamics of plant communities. Neotropical rainforests, which are of great complexity, have many different relationships involving plant propagules and mammals. Dispersal allows the seed to escape competition and predation, to colonize new sites and to establish in favorable micro-sites. Seed predation reduces the number of seeds able to germinate, can affect dispersal of the remaining seeds and is one of the mecanisms that maintain a high plant species diversity in tropical rainforests. Didelphimorphs and chiropteras are very good dispersers that have a primary role in forest regeneration. Seed predation is very rare in these taxons. Primates, the most studied group on this subject, are also very good dispersers, sometimes predators, and possess an extremely diverse diet. Ungulates can be either dispersers, predators, or both. Their importance is due to their ability to consume generally larger seeds than other mammals. Rodents do not show a net profile and are distinctive by their synzoochore behaviour, consisting of hiding seeds and feeding on them later. An important part of cached seeds can be forgotten and later germinate. The role of carnivores in seed predation or dispersal is poorly known but a few studies show that they could be effective dispersers.

Key words: dispersal, mammal, neotropical, predation, seed, zoochory.