Bullying phenomenon today: Definitions, expression forms and possibilities of intervention

Abstract

The present paper presents a critical literature revision about the con­cept and studies toward bullying phenomenon in school contexts. First, it will be presented a definition of bullying, emphasizing translation problems to this word as well as other words used to define this type of violence in other cultures and in Portuguese speaking countries. Moreover, the theoretical perspective of analysis adopted in this specific work will be emphasized. Following, manifes­tation expressions of bullying, initiated or suffered by children and adolescents will be explained, as well as some gender differences and social roles assumed by the participants in the bullying process, according to some authors. Risk fac­tors of the bullying process will also be pointed as possible causes to the phe­nomenon as well as consequences to the participants. Finally, the ideas present­ed will be reviewed and emphasized the bullying problem and its magnitude nowadays. Therefore, ideas to prevention and intervention actions of this kind of aggressive behavior will be open to discussion.

Key words: bullying, definitions, risk factors, intervention.