Filosofia Unisinos / Unisinos Journal of Philosophy

Die megarische Schule

Gabriel Rodrigues da Silva, C — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Übersetzung des Abschnitts über die Megarische Schule, der sich in den Hegelschen Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie befindet. Der Abschnitt wurde zuvor vom Deutschen ins Portuguesich übersetzt, gründlich analysiert und diskutiert. Im Laufe dieses Prozesses sahen wir einige der wichtigsten Übersetzungen von Hegel in Brasilien nach, und verglichen und analysierten die Optionen verschiedener Übersetzer, die sich in unserem Land etablierten. Im übersetzten Teil behandelte Hegel die Hauptnamen der Megarischen Schule, nämlich: Euklides, Eubulides und Stilpon. Wir verstehen, dass sein größter Wert nicht nur in der historischen Untersuchung dieser drei Persönlichkeiten liegt, sondern auch in Hegels kritischer Einschätzung der Paradoxe.

Presentation

Inacio Helfer, Leonardo Marques Kussler, Luis Miguel Rechiki Meirelles — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The role of the writer in the 20th century according to Barthes:

Aida Navas-Aparicio, José Carlos Ibarra-Cuchillo — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Through the reading of Writing Degree Zero and The Pleasure of the Text, and drawing on examples from both classic literature (Francesco Colonna’s Hypnerotomachia Poliphili) and modern literature (Georges Ohnet’s The Lady in Grey), three fundamental concepts in Roland Barthes’ work are explored: writing, the author (écrivant), and the writer (écrivain). Writing is revealed in Barthes’ work as a transformative process that turns the desire for significance into an objective law, acting as an index of the real. The writer and the author, on the other hand, manifest in their writing practice a tendency towards evolution into a new typology of individual: the writer-author (écrivain-écrivant), whose emergence puts into crisis the social role of literary works and the traditional categories of author and reader.

Violence:

Alexandre Meyer Luz, Bernardo Peressoni Luz, André Luiz Strappazon — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This paper offers a discussion about violence, about its epistemological impacts and some of the connections with other well-rounded epistemological concepts. For such, it is divided in four main sections: Firstly, a presentation of the central thesis that guides an analysis of the concept of violence. Second, a presentation of the concept of “epistemic violence”. After that, we introduce the concept of “microaggressions”, which will constitute an important tool to connect Philosophy of Violence with other epistemological debates, such as epistemic injustice and ignorance. Lastly, we will offer a view on the non-reflexive feature of many violent (also epistemically violent) actions using Schizoanalysis theory.

John Locke:

Antonio Carlos dos Santos — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The aim of this article is to relate the Second Treatise to the English republican tradition. In order to do this, it is divided into two parts: in the first, the main arguments of Locke’s liberal reading will be reconstructed, based on two of his greatest defenders, Strauss and Macpherson, as they have had a great impact on the interpretations of recent decades; in the second, we intend to demonstrate the essential features of Locke’s republicanism in the Second Treatise. The entirety of the text comes about when Locke makes the transition from the individual, concerned with himself and his possessions, to a moral behaviour incorporated into the promotion of the public good, as he argues in the Second Treatise (II, 131, 135 and 159). From this point on, we can read it through a republican lens.

Authenticity in experiential memory:

César Schirmer dos Santos — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In this text, I explore the issue of the accuracy of experiential memories, focusing on the fit between the imagistic elements of an experiential memory and the experience that is remembered. My starting point is the taxonomy of memory, which clarifies what I am talking about, as I will only focus on longterm memories that involve mental imagery. Having clarified this, I will move on to a discussion of the normative requirements of memory, focusing on the requirement that a memory conforms to what was previously experienced by the subject. I then discuss how this requirement is treated by two contemporary philosophical views on the nature of memory: causalism and simulationism. Next, I discuss two ways memory can adjust to the past: by adjusting to the remembered event (alethism) or the past perception of the event (authenticism). Finally, I present descriptivism and pictorialism, two views on how the mental imagery that constitutes an experiential memory can adjust to the past, and defend the explanatory superiority of pictorialism.

Walter Benjamin and the ‘work of the concept’.

Diego Fernandez H. — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The paper pursues to answer three fundamental questions: i) what is a concept for Benjamin? ii) under what rule can they be deduced (or produced)? iii) what can (or cannot) be done with them? To this end, we first discuss the specific relation that philosophy maintains with the concept, on the understanding that this is the framework in which Benjamin’s thought develops. We contend that philosophy requires an account of concepts’ production rules (their provenance) and the rules of application (what can and cannot be done with them). We argue that Benjamin identifies the rule of conceptual production in the notion of task (Aufgabe), with which, appealing to a tradition, the concepts get a force irreducible to the sphere of subjectivity (“whether transcendental or not”). Finally, we contend that in Benjamin’s work, the concepts acquire a “performative” status, and to that extent they enter into a power struggle with the “philistine,” “bourgeois,” or “fascist” conceptuality.

The problem of monism in contemporary interpretations of Hegelian metaphysics

Federico Orsini — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The aim of this article is to examine the question of whether Hegel’s Logic is the grounding of a metaphysical monism. The argument will be divided into three sections: (i) the origin and the context of the ongoing use of the notion of monism as interpretive category of Hegel’s philosophy; (ii) the discussion of a series of claims in favour or against monism in the contemporary debate over Hegelian metaphysics; (iii) the critique of ontological pluralism. The thesis that follows from the critical analysis of the debate is that Hegel’s metaphysics is a peculiar kind of idealism that neutralizes any dichotomy between monism and pluralism, as it tries to grasp comprehensively both the unity of the idea and the plurality of its ways of manifestation (logical natural, spiritual).

Moral Realism in G. E. Moore's Principia Ethica

Jaqueline Stefani, Wallace da Silva Carvalho — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The general purpose of this investigation is to analyze G. E. Moore’s moral realism in Principia Ethica. In section 2, the arguments that underpin ethical investigation on the question “what is good?”, with “good” presented as a simple and indefinable concept, are shown. Then, in sections 3 and 4, the notion of the naturalistic fallacy and the open question argument are discussed, respectively. The core of this article and its more specific purpose lie in these latter sections. It aims to investigate whether Frankena’s criticisms are sufficient to refute Moore and whether the open question argument involves begging the question. It concludes that there is no actual begging of the question in this argument. The premise that it is always an open question whether, given any x with a natural (or metaphysical) property N, x also has the property G (“good”), is based on the impossibility of philosophical analysis of propositions that establish an identity relation between the properties G and N, as such propositions always seem to be synthetic. This premise is, at the very least, plausible—considering Moore’s analysis in Principia based on the philosophical tradition that preceded him—and therein lies its strength.

Between philosophy and narrative arts:

Juliana Oliveira Missaggia — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In this paper, I analyze how Simone de Beauvoir justifies her attempt to connect philosophy and narrative arts, such as literature, through what she termed as “metaphysical novel.” To achieve this, I present common difficulties and objections faced in attempting to connect these two areas. Subsequently, I examine methodological issues related to what Beauvoir recognized as the limitations of traditional philosophy in addressing certain aspects of the singularity and particularity of experiences. This investigation will provide an opportunity to explore two significant aspects of Beauvoir’s work: her controversial denial of being a philosopher and some apparent ambiguities in her definition of philosophical activity. Finally, I present the uniqueness of her approach, arguing that her pursuit to reconcile philosophy and narratives results in a methodological departure from both philosophy and literature, as conventionally understood.

Artificial intelligence, extended cognition, and the narratives of cyberimmortality

Léo Peruzzo Júnior — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The article shows how the extended mind theory, which suggests that cognition is not confined to the brain but extends beyond the body, is used to redefine our understanding of the nature of the mind and legitimize narratives of cyberimmortality. Additionally, it explores how this concept has been considered within the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). By exploring the interactions between the environment, technological devices, and mental processes, the extended mind theory challenges the traditional boundaries of historically constructed epistemology upon the mind-world dichotomy. The paper analyzes various features of this new cognitive topography and how this perspective can transform human experience into a narrative that transcends organic limitations. Finally, it highlights a few consequences and critical challenges of the extended mind proposal in the recovery of the body and the environment.

Anomalism, Apriorism, and Mind-Body Causation:

Pedro Fior Mota de Andrade — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In this paper, I intend to offer a reconstruction of one of the arguments mobilized by Hume against the traditional modal conceptions of causation to show how it, when reinterpreted in light of the thesis of psychophysical anomalism, can prove to be convincing in the contemporary debate about causation. My argument involves reformulating the Humean argumentative strategy entirely and critically reassessing the reasons originally presented by him to, thus, reintroduce what I believe to be his most promising argument remodeled by the concepts of psychophysical anomalism, apriorism, and the nomology of the mind-body causation, such as developed by Donald Davidson and Kim Jaegwon. I conclude, then, from considerations about mental causation in moral deliberations and actions, how this reconstructed version of Hume’s argument could persuade Kant, one of the philosophers who traditionally articulated and developed a type of modal explanation of causation.

Determinism as the cause of free will

Ricardo Serrado — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This paper aims to demonstrate that the only way for freewill to exist is through a deterministic Universe, which is governed by physical and biological laws which cause events, namely free will. We will first analyze determinism, indeterminism and compatibilism, highlighting their main ideas through key authors. Afterwards, we will demonstrate that determinism is the only ontological philosophy that can allow the existence of events, namely desire, will and volition – i.e. free will.

Hobbes:

Thadeu Weber — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Political Philosophy, we find several treatises on these subjects. This article aims to demonstrate that T. Hobbes, a classic of modern contractualism, can be read as a theorist of international relations and, therefore, a philosopher of peace. His works provide suggestive elements of interpretation of human nature as determinants for understanding the relationship between States. Natural laws can be seen as guiding principles, not only for the internal organization of States, but also, and above all, for international relations. To demonstrate this, the text discusses the “war of all against all” in relations between States; indicates natural laws as the basis of these relationships; characterizes the social contract as a pact for peace and draws attention to the difficulties in implementing natural laws.