BASE - Revista de Administração e Contabilidade da Unisinos

PRESENTATION

José Carlos da Silva Freitas Junior — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS: EVIDENCE OF INCOME SMOOTHING IN THE BRAZILIAN CAPITAL MARKET

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Related party transactions (TPRs) are viewed from two perspectives. The first is that such transactions reduce transaction costs, increasing the company's performance. The second, that the proximity between the parties, added to the conflicts of interest, make the TPRs a tool for manipulating the results and expropriating the minority shareholder. While TPRs can be used to distort the company's results, consequently the quality of this company's profit decreases, as these results are no longer a relevant and reliable information base. For this reason, this article aimed to investigate the influence of TPRs on the smoothing of results, assuming the hypothesis that these transactions are used to intentionally smooth profits. The Lang et al (2012) model was used for intentional smoothing, a model by Jian and Wong (2010) and Al-Dhamari (2018) to measure inappropriate TPRs and quantile regressions to analyze the behavior of the abnormal TPRs in each smoothing quartile. As a result, it was obtained that abnormal sales and purchase TPRs, both individually and jointly, are used with the purpose of intentionally smoothing profits. The study contributes to the profit quality literature by providing new evidence that TPRs are related to the intentional smoothing of results; it also has useful implications for investors and analysts in assessing the value of the company, given the existence / volume of TPRs it owns, and contributes to regulatory agencies in improving the standards related to TPRs and the protection of minority shareholders.

Disclosure of provisions, contingent assets and liabilities in local governments of brazilian capitals: analysis from the perspective of institutional theory

Blênio Cezar Severo Peixe, Joselita Anunciação Santos — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This research aims to analyze the relationship between the institutionalization process of NBC TSP 03 and the disclosure of provisions, contingent assets and liabilities from the perspective of Institutional Theory in local governments in Brazilian capitals. Through a descriptive study and a quantitative approach, the explanatory notes for the period from 2014 to 2019 of the 26 Brazilian capitals were evaluated, in addition to the content of two mandatory financial statements established by Law 4,320/64, namely: Budget Balance; and Balance Sheet. A logistic regression was also carried out in order to verify the relationship between the edition of the standard and the variables: budgetary income per capita, own income per capita, asset size, transfers received and indebtedness. The study findings show that there were advances in the implementation of the NBC TSP 03 in the analyzed municipalities in the period between 2017 and 2019, however, it was not possible to verify the joint institutionalization within the scope of these entities. Only the city halls of the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Salvador declared to have implemented the practice; however, in the financial statements analyzed, the capital of Bahia did not highlight which criteria were used to recognize, evidence and measure these items. These findings corroborate the studies by França et al. (2016) and de Nascimento et al. (2019), on the incipient disclosure of this equity information. It is concluded that the criteria for recognizing provisions, assets and contingent liabilities, even after the edition of NBCS TSP 03, have still been based on subjective aspects, contrary to good accounting practice and harming the appropriate decision-making process involving these amounts.

SELF-EXAMINATION QUESTIONNAIRE AS A TOOL FOR INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT

Lindolfo Batista da Costa Júnior, Pedro Palotti — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Objective: The present research aims to explore specific aspects of self-examination questionnaires and which measures could contribute to their improvement. Theoretical framework: the self-assessment of internal controls is a methodology that allows the manager to evaluate himself with regard to his internal controls and, consequently, contribute to the identification of risks inherent to the fulfillment of his institutional objectives. Public policy evaluations, through process improvement, require further studies. Thus, a literature review was carried out on insights that could contribute to research in the fields of risk control and management. Method: in order to give robustness to the article, documental research, interviews and a supervised questionnaire were carried out. Results: according to the perceptions of auditors from the Internal Control Department and managers of the Calha Norte Program Department, administrative units of the Ministry of Defense, the self-examination questionnaire adds value to administrative control. A positive image of the audit was identified among managers and high acceptability of the differentiated application of self-examination questionnaires. At the same time, depending on the respondent's profile, there is a need for further training on the use of this tool. Conclusion: based on the results achieved, this research contributes to the improvement of public policy evaluation processes, exploring self-assessment as a relevant factor in achieving institutional objectives.

Intenção de recompra no e-commerce: O papel da devolução leniente e dos custos transacionais

Amanda Koch, Valdirene Gasparetto — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

A importância crescente do e-commerce demanda maior compreensão sobre os efeitos da devolução de produtos no comportamento do consumidor e no desempenho dos varejistas. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetiva verificar o efeito da política de devolução leniente e dos custos transacionais na intenção de recompra de consumidores no e-commerce. Para atingir o objetivo, utilizou-se survey com estudantes em nível de graduação e pós-graduação que já realizaram alguma devolução ou conhecem a política de devolução da empresa com a qual realizam compras online. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se modelagem de equações estruturais (Structural Equation Modeling - SEM) estimada por meio dos mínimos quadrados parciais (Partial Least Squares – PLS). Os resultados relevam influência da política de devolução leniente nos custos transacionais e dos custos transacionais na intenção de recompra e mediação total dos custos transacionais na relação entre política de devolução leniente e intenção de recompra. Infere-se que consumidores que já realizaram devoluções possuem uma visão abrangente do processo de devolução, em especial dos custos transacionais, e que a regulamentação para a devolução pode influenciar a resposta comportamental do consumidor em relação à política de devolução. Como contribuições, demonstra-se o efeito da devolução no comportamento do consumidor e na manutenção das relações business-to-consumer (B2C), ressalta-se a importância da experiência no processo de devolução, visto que a política de devolução, em termos de declaração escrita, pode não se traduzir na prática, sobretudo quanto aos custos transacionais do tipo tempo e psicológicos, e apresentam-se implicações teóricas e gerenciais.

Effects of controllers' psychological capital on managerial attitudes toward budgeting, job satisfaction and managerial performance

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This research analyzes the effects of controllers' psychological capital on managerial attitudes toward budgeting, job satisfaction, and managerial performance. A descriptive and quantitative research was carried out by means of a survey with 316 controllers with budgetary responsibility in Brazilian companies. Among the relationships investigated, only the relationship between job satisfaction and managerial performance was not significant and the indirect effects of psychological capital on managerial performance, mediated by job satisfaction. These results reveal that psychological capital improves managerial attitudes toward budgeting and has positive effects on managers' job performance. Furthermore, managerial attitudes toward budgeting enhance the relationship between psychological capital and managerial performance. It is concluded that promoting psychological capital improves the managerial attitudes and performance of controllers who have budget responsibility.

Cities as ecosystems of (Un)sustainable careers: Analyzing the city-career relationship in the tourism of Porto Alegre

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

There is an inherent relationship between careers and cities that is underexplored in academic research. In this regard, the present study aims to empirically analyse the influence of cities as a context in career development. The article supports the argument that the career-city relationship is systemic, as they interrelate and mutually structure each other. Twenty-five narrative interviews were analysed with tourism professionals in Porto Alegre, collected for a previous study that aimed to investigate the relationships between these professionals' careers and inherent aspects of the city. The career ecosystem theory will be used as a theoretical framework for data analysis. It is concluded that the career ecosystem is a result of the interaction of actors with the city. The sustainability of the ecosystem does not involve a rigid status quo but rather the ability to adjust and adaptations that shape and reconfigure the relationships between actors, which are dynamic and learn through interactions over time. Careers are affected by systemic structural aspects of cities that weaken or strengthen the potential for individual agency. Contextual influences act as guiding forces for movements within the ecosystem towards more or less sustainable careers.

Progress of the circular economy in Brazil: What are the main challenges in the packaging chain?

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The implementation of Circular Economy (CE) principles has the potential to make solid waste management more effective. In Brazil, packaging is a fraction of urban solid waste (dry and recyclable). Therefore, this paper analyses the challenges of implementing a CE in the post-consumption Brazilian packaging chain. This research conducted documentary analysis and in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured script. Fifty-three stakeholders from the sector were interviewed. The interviewees were from the public, private sector and non-governmental organizations. Agents from the executive, legislative and judiciary represented public power. Representatives from packaging manufacturing companies, logistics operators, the recycling industry, startups and waste pickers attended the sample, covering several players in the chain. The results were divided into three categories of operationalization of the circular economy (micro, meso and macro), contributing to academia by demonstrating this division in an empirical study. The main managerial contribution is to list the challenges, including the lack of consumer awareness, the low level of logistics infrastructure, double taxation of recycling and greenwashing. Additionally, is the need for more supervision of actors who misbehave and the lack of political will to change to a circular model. Finally, we highlight the limitations and suggest future researchers in the area.

Creating organizational environments that stimulate innovation: An explanatory model

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article aimed to identify qualitatively and quantitatively the main ways the organizational environment can stimulate innovation in a multinational pharmaceutical industry in Brazil. To this end, we established two specific objectives: to raise the perception of leaders and subordinates regarding the strategies to encourage innovation adopted by the organization and to develop and statistically validate a structural model that explains the capacity of the organizational environment to stimulate innovation. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 leaders, including Corporate Vice-President, Quality Vice-President, directors, and managers, and applied questionnaires to 334 subordinates, including supervisors, specialists, analysts, and technicians. The investigation pointed out that Strategic Leadership is a second-order construct that comprises Motivation and Leadership. The Firm’s Strategy positively impacts Strategic Leadership, and Strategic Leadership positively impacts the Challenge to Innovate. The proposed explanatory model can explain approximately 60% of the Challenge to Innovate in the organization. We expect that the findings of this research will contribute to the advancement of knowledge regarding organizational innovation, especially concerning its antecedents, allowing theoretical reflections and practical and managerial benefits in the search for effective innovative strategies.

Managerial effectiveness of police performance measurement systems: Influence of dysfunctions, challenges and best practices

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This research aims to analyze the factors associated with dysfunctions, challenges and good practices that explain the managerial effectiveness of Performance Measurement Systems (SMD) in a public police organization based on the perception of employees. Descriptive-explanatory research was carried out using the survey method. The survey questionnaire took place in 2024, with employees of a public federal police organization. The exploratory factor analysis explained 64.6% of the variance and retained two factors that were used as independent variables: goal displacement and top-down implementation, with significant factor loadings and unidimensional reliability, together with the presence of best practices. As a dependent variable, the reliable EGMD scale was used. The regression model indicated a significant explanation (R²=50.9%) of EGMD, with empirical evidence of the negative influence of the factors top-down implementation (β=-1.617) and goal displacement (β=-1.040), and the positive influence of SMD best practices (β=2.25). The empirical support contributes to the theory of measuring public organizational performance by analyzing the occurrence of some phenomena linked to performance measurement in specific situations. Public organizations can encourage the use of best practices aimed at mitigating the negative effects of challenges and dysfunctions in SMD.